Eletriptan

Eletriptan hydrobromide tablets are indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. Limitations of Use: Use only if a clear diagnosis of migraine has been established. If a patient has no response to the first migraine attack treated with eletriptan hydrobromide tablets, reconsider the diagnosis of migraine before eletriptan hydrobromide tablets are administered to treat any subsequent attacks. Eletriptan hydrobromide tablets are not intended for the prevention of migraine attacks. Safety and effectiveness of eletriptan hydrobromide tablets have not been established for cluster headache.

12.1 Mechanism of Action Eletriptan binds with high affinity to 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT1F receptors, has modest affinity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1E, 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors. Migraines are likely due to local cranial vasodilatation and/or to the release of sensory neuropeptides (vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) through nerve endings in the trigeminal system. The therapeutic activity of eletriptan hydrobromide for the treatment of migraine headache is thought to be due to the agonist effects at the 5-HT1B/1D receptors on intracranial blood vessels (including the arterio-venous anastomoses) and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system which result in cranial vessel constriction and inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Eletriptan is well absorbed after oral administration with peak plasma levels occurring approximately 1.5 hours after dosing to healthy subjects. In patients with moderate to severe migraine the median Tmax is 2.0 hours. The mean absolute bioavailability of eletriptan is approximately 50%. The oral pharmacokinetics are slightly more than dose-proportional over the clinical dose range. The AUC and Cmax of eletriptan are increased by approximately 20 to 30% following oral administration with a high fat meal. Eletriptan hydrobromide can be taken with or without food. Distribution: The volume of distribution of eletriptan following IV administration is 138L. Plasma protein binding is moderate and approximately 85%. Metabolism: The N-demethylated metabolite of eletriptan is the only known active metabolite. This metabolite causes vasoconstriction similar to eletriptan in animal models. Though the half-life of the metabolite is estimated to be about 13 hours, the plasma concentration of the N-demethylated metabolite is 10 to 20% of parent drug and is unlikely to contribute significantly to the overall effect of the parent compound. In vitro studies indicate that eletriptan is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzyme CYP3A4 [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4) and DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.2)]. Elimination: The terminal elimination half-life of eletriptan is approximately 4 hours. Mean renal clearance (CLR) following oral administration is approximately 3.9 L/h. Non-renal clearance accounts for about 90% of the total clearance. Specific Populations Age: The pharmacokinetics of eletriptan are generally unaffected by age. Blood pressure was increased to a greater extent in elderly subjects than in young subjects [see USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.5)]. The pharmacokinetic disposition of eletriptan in the elderly is similar to that seen in younger adults. There is a statistically significant increased half-life (from about 4.4 hours to 5.7 hours) between elderly (65 to 93 years of age) and younger adult subjects (18 to 45 years of age) [see USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.5)]. Gender: The pharmacokinetics of eletriptan are unaffected by gender. Race: A comparison

The maximum recommended single dose is 40 mg. In controlled clinical trials, single doses of 20 mg and 40 mg were effective for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. A greater proportion of patients had a response following a 40 mg dose than following a 20 mg dose [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14)]. If the migraine has not resolved by 2 hours after taking eletriptan hydrobromide tablets, or returns after transient improvement, a second dose may be administered at least 2 hours after the first dose. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 80 mg. The safety of treating an average of more than 3 migraine attacks in a 30-day period has not been established.

The following adverse reactions are described elsewhere in other sections of the prescribing information: Myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction, and Prinzmetal’s angina [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2)] Arrhythmias [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)] Chest, throat, neck, and/or jaw pain/tightness/pressure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.4)] Cerebrovascular events [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.4)] Other vasospasm reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)] Medication overuse headache [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.6)] Serotonin syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.7)] Increase in blood pressure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.8)] Hypersensitivity reactions [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4) and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.9)] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Among 4,597 patients who treated the first migraine headache with eletriptan hydrobromide in short-term placebo-controlled trials, the most common adverse reactions reported with treatment with eletriptan hydrobromide were asthenia, nausea, dizziness, and somnolence. These reactions appear to be dose-related. In long-term open-label studies where patients were allowed to treat multiple migraine attacks for up to 1 year, 128 (8.3%) out of 1,544 patients discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions. Table 1 lists adverse reactions that occurred in the subset of 5,125 migraineurs who received eletriptan doses of 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg or placebo in worldwide placebo-controlled clinical trials. Only adverse reactions that were more frequent in a eletriptan hydrobromide treatment group compared to the placebo group with an incidence greater than or equal to 2% are included in Table 1. Table 1: Adverse Reactions Incidence in Placebo-Controlled Migraine Clinical Trials: Reactions Reported by ≥ 2% Patients Treated with Eletriptan Hydrobromide and More Than Placebo Adverse Reaction Type Placebo (n=988) Eletriptan Hydrobromide 20 mg (n=431) Eletriptan Hydrobromide 40 mg (n=1774) Eletriptan Hydrobromide 80 mg (n=1932) ATYPICAL SENSATIONS Paresthesia 2% 3% 3% 4% Flushing/feeling of warmth 2% 2% 2% 2% PAIN AND PRESSURE SENSATIONS Chest – tightness/pain/pressure 1% 1% 2% 4% Abdominal – pain/discomfort/stomach pain/ cramps/pressure 1% 1% 2% 2% DIGESTIVE Dry mouth 2% 2% 3% 4% Dyspepsia 1% 1% 2% 2% Dysphagia-throat tightness/difficulty swallowing 0.2% 1% 2% 2% Nausea 5% 4% 5% 8% NEUROLOGICAL Dizziness 3% 3% 6% 7% Somnolence 4% 3% 6% 7% Headache 3% 4% 3% 4% OTHER Asthenia 3% 4% 5% 10% The frequency of adverse reactions in clinical trials did not increase when up to 2 doses of eletriptan hydrobromide were taken within 24 hours. The incidence of adverse reactions in controlled clinical trials was not affected by gender, age, or race of the patients. Adverse reaction frequencies were also unchanged by concomitant use of drugs commonly taken for migraine prophylaxis (e.g., SSRIs, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants), estrogen replacement therapy or oral contraceptives. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reaction(s) have been identified during post approval use of eletriptan hydrobromide. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Neurological: seizure Digestive: vomiting

Eletriptan hydrobromide should only be used where a clear diagnosis of migraine has been established. 5.1 Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, and Prinzmetal’s Angina Eletriptan hydrobromide is contraindicated in patients with ischemic or vasospastic CAD. There have been rare reports of serious cardiac adverse reactions, including acute myocardial infarction, occurring within a few hours following administration of eletriptan hydrobromide. Some of these reactions occurred in patients without known CAD. Eletriptan hydrobromide may cause coronary artery vasospasm (Prinzmetal’s angina), even in patients without a history of CAD. Perform a cardiovascular evaluation in triptan-naïve patients who have multiple cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., increased age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, strong family history of CAD) prior to receiving eletriptan hydrobromide. Do not use eletriptan hydrobromide if there is evidence of CAD or coronary artery vasospasm [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4)]. For patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who have a negative cardiovascular evaluation, consider administering the first eletriptan hydrobromide dose in a medically-supervised setting and performing an electrocardiogram (ECG) immediately following administration of eletriptan hydrobromide. For such patients, consider periodic cardiovascular evaluation in intermittent long-term users of eletriptan hydrobromide. 5.2 Arrhythmias Life-threatening disturbances of cardiac rhythm including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation leading to death have been reported within a few hours following the administration of 5-HT1 agonists. Discontinue eletriptan hydrobromide if these disturbances occur. Eletriptan hydrobromide is contraindicated in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4)]. 5.3 Chest, Throat, Neck and/or Jaw Pain/Tightness/Pressure Sensations of tightness, pain, and pressure in the chest, throat, neck, and jaw commonly occur after treatment with eletriptan hydrobromide and are usually non-cardiac in origin. However, perform a cardiac evaluation if these patients are at high cardiac risk. Eletriptan hydrobromide is contraindicated in patients with CAD or Prinzmetal’s variant angina [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4)]. 5.4 Cerebrovascular Events Cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke have occurred in patients treated with 5-HT1 agonists, and some have resulted in fatalities. In a number of cases, it appears possible that the cerebrovascular events were primary, the 5-HT1 agonist having been administered in the incorrect belief that the symptoms experienced were a consequence of migraine, when they were not. Before treating headaches in patients not previously diagnosed as migraineurs, and in migraineurs who present with symptoms atypical of migraine, other potentially serious neurological conditions need to be excluded. Eletriptan hydrobromide is contraindicated in patients with a history of stroke or TIA [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4)]. 5.5 Other Vasospasm Reactions Eletriptan hydrobromide may cause non-coronary vasospastic reactions, such as peripheral vascular ischemia, gastrointestinal vascular ischemia and infarction (presenting with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea), and Raynaud’s syndrome. In patients who experience symptoms or signs suggestive of a vasospastic reaction following the use of any 5-HT1 agonist, rule out a vasospastic reaction before receiving additional eletriptan hydrobromide doses [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4)]. 5.6 Medication Overuse Headache Overuse of acute migraine drugs (e.g. ergotamine, triptans, opioids, or combination of these drugs for 10 or more days per month) may lead to exacerbation of headache (medication overuse headache). Medication overuse headache may present as migraine-like daily headaches or as a marked increase in frequency of migraine attacks. Detoxi

Eletriptan hydrobromide tablets are contraindicated in patients with: Ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) (angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, or documented silent ischemia) or coronary artery vasospasm, including Prinzmetal’s angina [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)]. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2)]. History of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or history or current evidence of hemiplegic or basilar migraine because these patients are at a higher risk of stroke [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.4)]. Peripheral vascular disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)]. Ischemic bowel disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)]. Uncontrolled hypertension [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.8)]. Recent use (i.e., within 24 hours) of another 5-hydroxytryptamine1 (5-HT1) agonist, ergotamine-containing medication, or ergot-type medication such as dihydroergotamine (DHE) or methysergide [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.1)]. Hypersensitivity to eletriptan hydrobromide tablets (angioedema and anaphylaxis seen) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.9)]. Recent use (i.e., within at least 72 hours) of the following potent CYP3A4 inhibitors: ketoconazole, itraconazole, nefazodone, troleandomycin, clarithromycin, ritonavir, or nelfinavir [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.2) and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

The elimination half-life of eletriptan is about 4 hours [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)], therefore monitoring of patients after overdose with eletriptan should continue for at least 20 hours or longer while symptoms or signs persist. There is no specific antidote to eletriptan. It is unknown what effect hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis has on the serum concentration of eletriptan.