Rx only
Fact box
- Therapeutic class
- Other monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates
- Action class
- Bispecific CD19-directed CD3-directed T Cell Engager
- Mechanism
- CD3-directed Antibody Interactions
- Chemical class
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins
- Habit forming
- No
- Availability
- Prescription (Rx)
Available as
0.035 MG · Injection
FDA label sections are from openFDA and may not reflect the most recent labeling — confirm against the current DailyMed label.
⚠ Boxed warningWARNING: CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME and NEUROLOGICAL TOXICITIES including IMMUNE EFFECTOR CELL-ASSOCIATED NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROME Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO and treat with corticosteroids as recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Neurological toxicities, including immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) which may be severe, life-threatening, or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO as recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . WARNING: CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME and NEUROLOGICAL TOXICITIES including IMMUNE EFFECTOR CELL-ASSOCIATED NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROME See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO and treat with corticosteroids as recommended. ( 2.4 , 5.1 ) Neurological toxicities, including immune effector cell - associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which may be severe, life-threatening, or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO as recommended. ( 2.4 , 5.2 )
Uses
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BLINCYTO is a bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients one month and older with: CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first or second complete remission with minimal residual disease (MRD) greater than or equal to 0.1%. ( 1.1 ) Relapsed or refractory CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ( 1.2 ) CD19-positive Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the consolidation phase of multiphase chemotherapy. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL BLINCYTO is indicated for the treatment of CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first or second complete remission with minimal residual disease (MRD) greater than or equal to 0.1% in adult and pediatric patients one month and older. 1.2 Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL BLINCYTO is indicated for the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adult and pediatric patients one month and older. 1.3 B-cell Precursor ALL in the Consolidation Phase BLINCYTO is indicated for the treatment of CD19-positive Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the consolidation phase of multiphase chemotherapy in adult and pediatric patients one month and older.
How it works
12.1 Mechanism of Action Blinatumomab is a bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager that binds to CD19 expressed on the surface of cells of B-lineage origin and CD3 expressed on the surface of T-cells. It activates endogenous T-cells by connecting CD3 in the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex with CD19 on benign and malignant B-cells. Blinatumomab mediates the formation of a synapse between the T-cell and the tumor cell, upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, production of cytolytic proteins, release of inflammatory cytokines, and proliferation of T-cells, which result in redirected lysis of CD19+ cells.
How to use / dosing
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION For the treatment of MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL - See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. ( 2.1 ) - Hospitalization is recommended for the first 3 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. ( 2.1 ) - Premedicate with prednisone or equivalent dexamethasone. ( 2.1 ) For the treatment of Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL - See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. ( 2.2 ) - Hospitalization is recommended for the first 9 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. ( 2.2 ) - Premedicate with dexamethasone. ( 2.2 ) For the treatment of B-cell Precursor ALL in the Consolidation Phase - See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. ( 2.3 ) - Hospitalization is recommended for the first 3 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. ( 2.3 ) - Premedicate with dexamethasone. ( 2.3 ) Refer to Full Prescribing Information for important preparation and administration information. ( 2.5 ) Administer as a continuous intravenous infusion at a constant flow rate using an infusion pump. - See Instructions for Use for infusion over 24 hours or 48 hours. - See Instructions for Use for infusion over 72 hours, 96 hours, or 7 days using Bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol). This option is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. 2.1 Treatment of MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL A treatment course consists of 1 cycle of BLINCYTO for induction followed by up to 3 additional cycles for consolidation. A single cycle of treatment of BLINCYTO induction or consolidation consists of 28 days of continuous intravenous infusion followed by a 14-day treatment-free interval (total 42 days). See Table 1 for the recommended dose by patient weight and schedule. Patients weighing 45 kg or more receive a fixed-dose. For patients weighing less than 45 kg, the dose is calculated using the patient's body surface area (BSA). Table 1. Recommended BLINCYTO Dose and Schedule for the Treatment of MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL Cycle Patients Weighing 45 kg or More (Fixed-dose) Patients Weighing Less Than 45 kg (BSA-based dose) Induction Cycle 1 Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Consolidation Cycles 2-4 Days 1-28 28 mcg/day 15 mcg/m 2 /day (not to exceed 28 mcg/day) Days 29-42 14-day treatment-free interval 14-day treatment-free interval Hospitalization is recommended for the first 3 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle. For all subsequent cycle starts and re-initiations (e.g., if treatment is interrupted for 4 or more hours), supervision by a healthcare professional or hospitalization is recommended. Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis is recommended before and during BLINCYTO therapy to prevent central nervous system ALL relapse. Premedicate with prednisone or equivalent for MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL: For adult patients, premedicate with prednisone 100 mg intravenously or equivalent (e.g., dexamethasone 16 mg) 1 hour prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO in each cycle. For pediatric patients, premedicate with 5 mg/m 2 of dexamethasone intravenously or orally, to a maximum dose of 20 mg, prior to the first dose of BLINCYTO in the first cycle and when restarting an infusion after an interruption of 4 or more hours in the first cycle. For administration of BLINCYTO: See Instructions for Use for infusion over 24 hours or 48 hours. See Instructions for Use for infusion over 72 hours, 96 hours, or 7 days using Bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol). The administration of BLINCYTO as a 72-hour, 96-hour, and 7-day infusion is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. 2.2 Treatment of Relapsed or R
Side effects
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Cytokine Release Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Neurological Toxicities, including Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Tumor Lysis Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Neutropenia and Febrile Neutropenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Elevated Liver Enzymes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Leukoencephalopathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) are pyrexia, infusion-related reactions, headache, infection, musculoskeletal pain, neutropenia, nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amgen Inc. at 1-800-77-AMGEN (1-800-772-6436) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of BLINCYTO in adult and pediatric patients one month and older with MRD-positive B-cell precursor ALL (n = 137), relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL (n = 267), and Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor ALL in consolidation (n = 165) was evaluated in clinical studies. The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) to BLINCYTO in this pooled population were pyrexia, infusion-related reactions, headache, infection, musculoskeletal pain, neutropenia, nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. MRD-positive B-cell Precursor ALL The safety of BLINCYTO in patients with MRD-positive B-cell precursor ALL was evaluated in two single-arm clinical studies in which 137 adult patients were treated with BLINCYTO. The median age of the study population was 45 years (range: 18 to 77 years). The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) were pyrexia, infusion-related reactions, headache, infections (pathogen unspecified), tremor, and chills. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 61% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥ 2%) included pyrexia, tremor, encephalopathy, aphasia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, overdose, device related infection, seizure, and staphylococcal infection. Adverse reactions of Grade 3 or higher were reported in 64% of patients. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse reactions occurred in 17% of patients; neurologic events were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. There were 2 fatal adverse reactions that occurred within 30 days of the end of BLINCYTO treatment (atypical pneumonia and subdural hemorrhage). Table 6 summarizes the adverse reactions occurring at a ≥ 10% incidence for any grade or ≥ 5% incidence for Grade 3 or higher. Table 6. Adverse Reactions Occurring at ≥ 10% Incidence for Any Grade or ≥ 5% Incidence for Grade 3 or Higher in BLINCYTO-treated Adult Patients with MRD-Positive B-cell Precursor ALL Adverse Reaction BLINCYTO (N = 137) Any Grade Grading based on NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. n (%) Grade ≥ 3 n (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia Neutropenia includes febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and neutrophil count decreased. 21 (15) 21 (15) Leukopenia Leukopenia includes leukopenia and white blood cell count decreased. 19 (14) 13 (9) Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia includes platelet count decreased and thrombocytopenia. 14 (10) 8 (6) Cardiac disorders Arrhythmia Arrhythmia includes bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, tachycardia and ventricular extrasystoles. 17 (12) 3 (2) General disorders and ad
Safety advice
Conservative summary derived from FDA labeling — defaults to “consult your doctor” unless the label is explicit. Not a substitute for your clinician’s advice.
PregnancyUnsafe
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on its mechanism of action, BLINCYTO may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ] . There are no available data on the use of BLINCYTO in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, a murine surrogate molecule administered to pregnant mice crossed the placental barrier (see Data ) . Blinatumomab causes T-cell activation and cytokine release; immune activation may compromise pregnancy maintenance. In addition, based on expression of CD19 on B-cells and the finding of B-cell depletion in non-pregnant animals, blinatumomab can cause B-cell lymphocytopenia in infants exposed to blinatumomab in-utero. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Due to the potential for B-cell lymphocytopenia in infants following exposure to BLINCYTO in utero , the infant's B lymphocytes should be monitored before the initiation of live virus vaccination [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] . Data Animal Data Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with blinatumomab. In embryo-fetal developmental toxicity studies, a murine surrogate molecule was administered intravenously to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis. The surrogate molecule crossed the placental barrier and did not cause embryo-fetal toxicity or teratogenicity. The expected depletions of B and T cells were observed in the pregnant mice, but hematological effects were not assessed in fetuses.
BreastfeedingCaution
…8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of blinatumomab in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.…
AlcoholCaution
…( 5.10 ) Benzyl Alcohol Toxicity in Neonates: Use BLINCYTO prepared with preservative-free saline for neonates.…
DrivingCaution
…Ability to Drive and Use Machines: Advise patients to refrain from driving and engaging in hazardous occupations or activities such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery while BLINCYTO is being administered.…
KidneyNo information
No specific information in the FDA label.
LiverNo information
No specific information in the FDA label.
Warnings & precautions
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Infections: Monitor patients for signs or symptoms; treat appropriately. ( 5.3 ) Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines: Advise patients to refrain from driving and engaging in hazardous occupations or activities such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery while BLINCYTO is being administered. ( 5.6 ) Pancreatitis: Evaluate patients who develop signs and symptoms of pancreatitis. Management of pancreatitis may require either temporary interruption or discontinuation of BLINCYTO. ( 5.8 ) Preparation and Administration Errors: Strictly follow instructions for preparation (including admixing) and administration. ( 5.10 ) Benzyl Alcohol Toxicity in Neonates: Use BLINCYTO prepared with preservative-free saline for neonates. BLINCYTO solution containing benzyl alcohol is not recommended for patients weighing less than 5.4 kg. ( 5.12 , 8.4 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: May cause fetal harm. Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to the fetus and to use effective contraception. ( 5.13 , 8.1 , 8.3 ) 5.1 Cytokine Release Syndrome Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. The median time to onset of CRS was 2 days after the start of infusion and the median time to resolution of CRS was 5 days among cases that resolved. Manifestations of CRS include fever, headache, nausea, asthenia, hypotension, increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased total bilirubin, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The manifestations of CRS after treatment with BLINCYTO overlap with those of infusion reactions, capillary leak syndrome (CLS), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Evaluation for HLH/MAS should be considered when CRS is atypical or prolonged, or when features of macrophage activation are present. Using all of these terms to define CRS in clinical trials of BLINCYTO, CRS was reported in 15% of patients with relapsed or refractory ALL, in 7% of patients with MRD-positive ALL, and in 16% of patients receiving BLINCYTO cycles in the consolidation phase of therapy [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Monitor patients for signs or symptoms of these events. Advise outpatients on BLINCYTO to contact their healthcare professional for signs and symptoms associated with CRS. If severe CRS occurs, interrupt BLINCYTO until CRS resolves. Discontinue BLINCYTO permanently if life-threatening CRS occurs. Administer corticosteroids for severe or life-threatening CRS [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . 5.2 Neurological Toxicities, including Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome BLINCYTO can cause serious or life-threatening neurologic toxicity, including ICANS [see Adverse Reactions 6.1 ] . The incidence of neurologic toxicities in clinical trials was approximately 65% [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Among patients that experienced a neurologic toxicity, the median time to the first event was within the first 2 weeks of BLINCYTO treatment. The most common (≥ 10%) manifestations of neurological toxicity were headache, and tremor; the neurological toxicity profile varied by age group [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4 , 8.5) ] . Grade 3 or higher neurological toxicities following initiation of BLINCYTO administration occurred in approximately 13% of patients and included encephalopathy, convulsions, speech disorders, disturbances in consciousness, confusion and disorientation, and coordination and balance disorders. Manifestations of neurological toxicity included cranial nerve disorders. The majority of neurologic toxicities resolved following interruption of BLINCYTO, but some resulted in treatment discontinuation. The incidence of signs and symptoms consistent with ICANS in clinical trials was 7.5%. The onset of ICANS can be concurrent with CRS, following resolution of CRS, or in the absence of CRS.
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS BLINCYTO is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to blinatumomab or to any component of the product formulation. Known hypersensitivity to blinatumomab or to any component of the product formulation. ( 4 )
Pediatric use
8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of BLINCYTO in pediatric patients less than 1 month of age have not been established for any indication [see Indications and Usage (1) ] . Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)-Positive B-cell Precursor ALL The safety and efficacy of BLINCYTO for the treatment of CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first or second complete remission with minimal residual disease (MRD) greater than or equal to 0.1% have been established in pediatric patients one month and older. Use of BLINCYTO is supported by evidence from two randomized, controlled trials (Study AALL1331, NCT02101853 and Study 20120215, NCT02393859) [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] in pediatric patients with first relapsed B-cell precursor ALL. Both studies included pediatric patients with MRD-positive B-cell precursor ALL. The studies included pediatric patients treated with BLINCYTO in the following age groups: 6 infants (1 month up to less than 2 years), 165 children (2 years up to less than 12 years), and 70 adolescents (12 years to less than 17 years). In general, the adverse reactions in BLINCYTO-treated pediatric patients were similar in type to those seen in adult patients with MRD-positive ALL [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] , and no differences in safety were observed between the different pediatric age subgroups. Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Precursor ALL The safety and efficacy of BLINCYTO have been established in pediatric patients one month and older with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. Use of BLINCYTO is supported by a single-arm trial in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. This study included pediatric patients in the following age groups: 10 infants (1 month up to less than 2 years), 40 children (2 years up to less than 12 years), and 20 adolescents (12 years to less than 18 years). No differences in efficacy were observed between the different age subgroups [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . In general, the adverse reactions in BLINCYTO-treated pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory ALL were similar in type to those seen in adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Adverse reactions that were observed more frequently (≥ 10% difference) in the pediatric population compared to the adult population were pyrexia (80% vs. 61%), hypertension (26% vs. 8%), anemia (41% vs. 24%), infusion-related reaction (49% vs. 34%), thrombocytopenia (34% vs. 21%), leukopenia (24% vs. 11%), and weight increased (17% vs. 6%). In pediatric patients less than 2 years old (infants) with relapsed or refractory ALL, the incidence of neurologic toxicities was not significantly different than for the other age groups, but its manifestations were different; the only event terms reported were agitation, headache, insomnia, somnolence, and irritability. Infants also had an increased incidence of hypokalemia (50%) compared to other pediatric
⚑ About half of pediatric medication use is off-label and not described in FDA labels — absence of pediatric information does not mean a medicine is unused or unsafe in children. Confirm with your clinician.
Interactions (label text — not an interaction checker)
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted with BLINCYTO. Initiation of BLINCYTO treatment causes transient release of cytokines that may suppress CYP450 enzymes. The highest drug-drug interaction risk is during the first 9 days of the first cycle and the first 2 days of the second cycle in patients who are receiving concomitant CYP450 substrates, particularly those with a narrow therapeutic index. In these patients, monitor for toxicity (e.g., warfarin) or drug concentrations (e.g., cyclosporine). Adjust the dose of the concomitant drug as needed [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2 , 12.3) ] .
Overdose
10 OVERDOSAGE Overdoses have been observed, including one adult patient who received 133-fold the recommended therapeutic dose of BLINCYTO delivered over a short duration. In the dose evaluation phase of a study in pediatric and adolescent patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL, one patient experienced a fatal cardiac failure event in the setting of life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) at a 30 mcg/m 2 /day (higher than the maximum tolerated/recommended) dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Overdoses resulted in adverse reactions, which were consistent with the reactions observed at the recommended dosage and included fever, tremors, and headache. In the event of overdose, interrupt the infusion, monitor the patient for signs of adverse reactions, and provide supportive care [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] . Consider re-initiation of BLINCYTO at the recommended dosage when all adverse reactions have resolved and no earlier than 12 hours after interruption of the infusion [see Dosage and Administration (2.1 , 2.2 and 2.3) ] .
Current FDA labels (DailyMed)
2 marketed products on record (RxNorm)
Reference only — not clinical advice. Verify against current FDA labeling and consult a licensed provider. About half of pediatric drug use is off-label and is not reflected in FDA labels; absence of pediatric information does not mean a medicine is unused or unsafe in children.